Heated/sweating thermal manikin tests CB protective gear under motion.
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ASTM F 2371 – Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
ASTM F 1720 – Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a Heated Manikin
ASTM F 2732 – Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing
ISO 15831 – Clothing. Physiological Effects. Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin
EN 13537 – Requirements for Sleeping Bags
Comprehensive CB Testing: Designed specifically for evaluating the performance of CB protective clothing and equipment under conditions relevant to military operations.
Realistic Simulation: Combines realistic physical articulation and movement simulation with controlled heating and sweating to replicate human physiological responses during exertion.
Evaluates Barrier and Comfort: Allows for assessment of both the protective barrier integrity (via dosimeter ports) and the thermal comfort/physiological burden of the protective gear.
Chemically Resistant: Constructed with materials capable of withstanding exposure to chemical agents and decontamination procedures.
Dynamic Testing: Capable of performing a wide range of dynamic movements to assess garment performance under realistic stress.
Precise Control: Computer-controlled systems for heating, sweating, and motion ensure repeatable and accurate test conditions.
Integrated Data Collection: Includes built-in dosimeter ports for convenient and strategic placement of passive samplers.
High Sweat Rate: Capable of simulating high levels of perspiration during strenuous activity.
Developed for Defense: Commissioned by a defense research organization, reflecting its design for rigorous military applications.
| Sweating thermal manikins | Country of origin | Body materials | Number of body segments | Number of sweat glands | Sweating rate (g/m2/h) | Movability | Application area | Other features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Coppelius” | Finland | Nonwoven inner layer and microporous outer layer | 18 | 187 | 0–200 | Walk at up to 4 km/h | Under different temperature (−50 to +50ºC) and relative humidity (15–95%) | Available with different postures and digital data acquisition systems |
| “TARO” | Japan | Porous bronze | 1 | Not applicable | As per Eq. (5.1) | Nonwalkable | Natural ambient environment of human beings | Available with digital data acquisition systems |
| “SAM” | Switzerland | Plastic | 26 | 125 | 0–41 | Walk at up to 3 km/h | Under different temperature (−30 to +40ºC), relative humidity (20–90%), wind speed (0.2–40 m/s) | Available with different postures and digital data acquisition systems |
| “Walter” | Hong Kong | Polytetra-fluroethylene Gortex membrane | Not applicable | Not applicable | Depends upon the type of the clothing is tested | Walk at up to 2.48 km/h | Under different temperature (10–40ºC), relative humidity (30–80%), wind speed (0.3–5 m/s) | Available with different postures and digital data acquisition systems |
| “ADAM” | United States | Porous metal | 126 | 120 | Depends upon the applied physiological thermoregulation model | Movable | Under transient and nonuniform thermal environments of automobiles, e.g., vehicles, aircrafts | Available with different postures of automobile drivers/riders and digital data acquisition systems |
| “KEM” | Japan | Porous material that is used in “Coppelius” | 17 | 17 | 0–1500 | Movable | Similar to “Coppelius” | Available with different postures and digital data acquisition systems |
| “Newton” | United States | Carbon-epoxy composite | 20. 26. or 34 | 134 | Depends upon the experimenters | Walk at up to 6 km/h | Under different temperature (−20 to +50ºC) and relative humidity (0–100%) | Available with different postures, female body, and digital data acquisition systems |
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